First, we need to know how the server and browser works. Browsers sent requests to server and server serves the web page. Suppose, someone has typed "Google.com" in a web browser. The server searches IP address of this domain in its DNS (Domain Name System) then responses back the HTML page of google to the web browser. In this way, web server and web browsers work.
Let's talk about front-end and back-end web development. Here, front-end is the client-side web application which uses a graphical interface created through HTML, CSS, JavaScript and sometimes Photoshop. Client refers to browser which executes front-end code, including elements like menu, drop down, images, contact form, header, social plugin, newsletter, etc to make it interactive for users. The audience can see the beautifully designed website by simply typing the HTTP address in a web browser which is called front-end side.
Back-end is server-based application which includes mainly three components: Server, Application and Database. Back-end developer writes code for storing and retrieving data in database and ensure that server-side code is free from bugs. Back-end code is generally written in programming languages like Python, Ruby, PHP, etc. Software like WordPress, MongoDB are written on back-end languages. Back-end is responsible to make the front-end smooth.
In a nutshell, back-end made the sites run by delivering smooth information from the database to the browser. In this way, back-end and front-end works respectively.
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